Many engineering accidents have occurred at home and abroad, in fact, it is caused by the uneven settlement of the building foundation, which leads to the tilting phenomenon of the building foundation and superstructure, mainly because of the different engineering geological conditions, soil layer distribution, and physical and mechanical properties of the soil in different regions.

1. Foundation and foundation

The foundation refers to the soil or rock mass that supports the foundation under a building. The soil layer used as the foundation of the building is divided into rock, gravel, sand, silt, clay and artificial fill.

The foundation refers to the load-bearing structure below the ground of the building, such as foundation pit, cap, frame column, ground beam, etc. An underground extension of a wall or column of a building whose function is to bear the loads passed down from the upper structure of the building and pass them along with their own weight to the foundation.

2. The influence of high-rise buildings tilting solution on different foundations

Bar foundation: When the building is load-bearing with a brick wall, the foundation under the wall is often continuously set to form a long bar foundation. The length of the foundation is much greater than the width of a foundation form, the shape is like a continuous belt shape, so it is also called a belt shape foundation.

Scope of application: Suitable for multi-storey civil buildings and light factory buildings.

Settlement effect: The strip foundation will appear cracks, the width of the cracks is narrow, the shape of the strip distribution. It is directly manifested as cracks, exposed steel bars, deformation of doors and Windows, cracks in walls, uneven floor and slope.

Independent foundation: It is generally used to support the column, and is divided into stepped (or echelon) foundation, slope foundation, cone foundation, and cup foundation according to the cross-section of the foundation.

Scope of application: When the upper structure of the building adopts the frame structure or single-storey shelving structure to bear the load, the independent foundation is adopted under the condition of geological conditions.

Settlement impact: the change of the original groundwater level, the stress of the superimposed foundation and the vibration of the construction equipment all affect the uniformity of the foundation and directly affect the normal use.

Raft foundation: also known as raft foundation, by the bottom plate, beam and other integral composition. The rafting foundation is the image of a raft drifting in the water. The reinforced concrete slab is connected under the well foundation, which greatly increases the contact area between the foundation and the foundation of the building.

Scope of application: Generally used for high-rise frame, frame shear, shear wall structure, suitable for weak foundation and upper load is relatively large buildings. It is a basic form that is widely used at present.

Settlement impact: the load exceeds the bearing capacity of the foundation, the buried depth of the raft foundation increases, will bend and deform, and the foundation will not settle evenly, resulting in cracks or deformation of the structure, which poses a serious threat to the safety of the building.

Box foundation: An integral cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure composed of bottom plate, top plate and reinforced concrete vertical and horizontal partition walls.

Scope of application: When the raft foundation is buried in a large depth and has a basement, in order to increase the stiffness of the foundation, the bottom plate, top plate and wall of the basement are poured into an integral box foundation. The box-shaped interior space constitutes the basement, which has greater strength and stiffness and is mostly used in high-rise buildings.

Settlement impact: the concrete manifestations are cracks in the basement wall, exposure of underground pipes, gas, water leakage and other problems, and eventually lead to problems such as the tilt of the building.

Pile foundation: A deep foundation in which the tops of several piles are connected as a whole by a cap to jointly bear dynamic and static loads. According to the construction method, it can be divided into reinforced concrete precast pile and cast-in-place pile.

Scope of application: When building relatively large industrial and civil buildings, if the soft soil layer of the foundation is thick, the shallow buried foundation can not meet the requirements of foundation strength and deformation, often use pile foundation.

Settlement influence: The most common problem is the uneven settlement of pile foundation. The pile foundation is divided into two parts: the settlement pile end bearing layer and the underlying layer, and the pile foundation is inserted into deformation. The general trend is to gradually reduce the friction resistance of the upper part of the pile, and gradually increase the friction resistance of the lower part of the pile and the supporting force of the pile end. When the number of piles is large, the layout of piles is dense, and the stress in the soil between piles is large, there may be negative friction resistance on the top of the piles, and the soil under the cap will be detached from the bottom of the cap, resulting in uneven settlement of the main structure.

Hengxiang Hongye non-destructive controllable soil solidification technology is committed to solving the uneven settlement problem of high-rise buildings and industrial plants with different types of foundations, using international patented technology, the use of new special composite materials, the use of small holes and minimally invasive technology, lightweight equipment, 1-90s consolidation of soil, and efficient lifting correction.

The uneven settlement of the foundation will cause great harm to the foundation and the building, which will cause the cracking of the building wall, and cause the overall or local tilt or even collapse of the building structure, which threatens the normal use of the building and the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to correctly understand the damage caused by uneven settlement to buildings and foundations, analyze the causes of accidents deeply, and put forward effective countermeasures.

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